Shotcrete has been used more and more in tunnel construction all over the world through continuous improvement in the past decade.High quality and environmentally safe shotcrete mix design progress is achieved by adopting wet mixed spray.

Shotcrete is a tunnel lining that is propelled by compressed air through a hose or pipe in a high-speed pressure injection, and is suitable for high-intensity operations by using special cement and adding a liquid alkali free accelerator to the nozzle.

Before shotcrete, dry mixing method is adopted to mix cement, sand and stone evenly in the dry state. Compressed air is used to send it and accelerator to the nozzle and spray after mixing with pressure water.

But now more and more wet mix is widely used, especially when the work efficiency needs to be improved.Wet mixing is a method of pumping mixed concrete to the nozzle through grouting, and then using compressed air for sprinkler irrigation.Due to the increase of water-cement ratio, the initial strength of concrete is also lower, but the springback is improved, the material coordination is easy to control, and the work efficiency is higher than dry mixing method.

With this approach, it is easier to produce a uniform quality standard throughout the spray process and can allow the design proportions required by the specification for microsilica, polypropylene or steel fiber shotcrete.

In addition, wet mixing method can also provide a better low-dust working environment, and can better reduce operating costs.

Nowadays, the use of remotely controlled robotic sprinkler heads in shotcrete construction is increasing, which eliminates the risk of operators entering the underground environment.

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